chromosome fragment造句

• Acentric chromosome fragments may arise in a variety of ways.
• Micronuclei originating from chromosome loss events and acentric chromosome fragments can be distinguished using pancentromeric DNA probes.
• This process might involve suppression of crossing-over, translocation of chromosome fragments and possibly occasional cistron duplication.
• For Class I, the proposed mechanism is that chromatid breakage occurs during mitosis, resulting in a chromosome fragment.
• If DNA damage exceeds the repair capacity of the cell, unrepaired double-stranded DNA breaks may also result in acentric chromosome fragments.
• "' Merodiploid "'is a partially diploid bacterium, which has its own chromosome complement and a chromosome fragment introduced by transduction.
• One way is that disrepair of DNA double-strand breaks can lead to symmetrical or asymmetrical chromatid and chromosome exchanges as well as chromatid and chromosome fragments.
• The kinetochore plates are large and cover a significant portion of the chromosome length, ensuring that more radiation-induced breaks will not lead to the loss of chromosome fragments as is typical in species with monocentric chromosomes.
• That acentric chromosome fragment may segregate with the intact chromatid and result in partial tetrasomy; or, it may segregate with the complementary broken chromatid and result in partial trisomy because the broken chromatid may be saved by telomere restitution.
• Another way eccentric chromosome fragments may arise is when defects in genes related to homologous recombinational repair ( ex : ATM, BRCA1, BRCA2, and RAD51 ) result in a dysfunctional error-free homologous recombinational DNA repair pathway and causes the cell to resort to the error-prone non-homologous end-joining ( NHEJ ) repair pathway, increasing the likelihood of incorrect repair of DNA breaks, formation of dicentric chromosomes, and acentric chromosome fragments.
• Another way eccentric chromosome fragments may arise is when defects in genes related to homologous recombinational repair ( ex : ATM, BRCA1, BRCA2, and RAD51 ) result in a dysfunctional error-free homologous recombinational DNA repair pathway and causes the cell to resort to the error-prone non-homologous end-joining ( NHEJ ) repair pathway, increasing the likelihood of incorrect repair of DNA breaks, formation of dicentric chromosomes, and acentric chromosome fragments.